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Documents by opinions and studies
Opinions (country specific)
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Studies (general or comparative)
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Ongoing opinion requests
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All opinions and studies
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1173/2024 - Study on Pegasus, similar spyware and secret state surveillance
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1168/2023 - Study on "the rule of law requirements that an amnesty should fulfil"
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1160/2023 - Report on rationalised parliamentarism and questions of confidence
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1128/2023 - Report on Bicameralism
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1089/2022 - Recent challenges to security in Europe: what role for the Council of Europe? Reply to Recommendation 2235 (2022) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
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1045/2021 - Report on the Domestic Procedures of Ratification and Denunciation of International Treaties
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1010/2020 - Study - Electoral Glossary English / French
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1009/2020 - Study - Fostering Healthy Democracy in Europe
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995/2020 - Report on the measures taken in the EU Member States as a result of the Covid-19 crisis and their impact on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights
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994/2020 - Role of national parliaments in the legislative process of the European Union and the eurozone
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987/2020 - Study - Emergency Powers
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974/2019 - Study - Principles for a fundamental rights-compliant use of digital technologies in electoral processes
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970/2019 - Report to clarify in which circumstances, if any, the European Convention of Human Rights allows the criminalisation of calls by politicians or representatives of civil society for radical constitutional changes by peaceful means
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965/2019 - Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe
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955/2019 - Inclusion of a not internationally recognised territory in a State’s nationwide constituency for parliamentary elections
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932/2018 - Report on Separate Opinions of Constitutional Courts
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925/2018 - Study - Joint Report of the Venice Commission and of the Directorate of Information Society and Action against Crime of the Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law (DGI) on Digital Technologies and Elections
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913/2018 - Study on election dispute resolution
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910/2017 - Study - Recall of Mayors
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908/2017 - Study on the Individual Right to Re-election
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903/2017 - Comments on Recommendation 2110(2017) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the Implementation of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in view of the Reply of the Committee of Ministers
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897/2017 - Study on principles on the protection and promotion of the Ombudsman Institution (Venice principles)
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895/2017 - Study on Foreign Funding of Associations
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887/2017 - Study on Referendums
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881/2017 - Guidelines on Political Party regulation
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879/2017 - Opinion on the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities' Checklist for compliance with international standards and best practices preventing misuse of administrative resources during electoral processes at local and regional level
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874/2017 - Study on Identification of electoral irregularities through statistical methods
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873/2017 - Report on Constituency Delineation and Seat Allocation
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869/2016 - Study on Gender Equality in Constitutions
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850/2016 - Electoral glossary French / English
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845/2016 - Study on the Interaction Majority - Opposition in a democracy (update of the 2010 Study on the role of the Opposition in Democratic Parliament)
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840/2016 - Study on publication of lists of voters having participated in elections
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807/2015 - Exclusion of offenders from Parliament
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806/2015 - Study - Report on the Freedom of Expression of Judges
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778/2014 - Joint Guidelines on preventing and responding to the misuse of administrative resources during electoral processes
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769/2014 - Revised Joint Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly
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764/2014 - Report on open and closed lists in proportional electoral system
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759/2014 - Amicus curiae brief in the case of Rywin v. Poland pending before the European Court of Human Rights
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748/2013 - Electoral lists and voters residing de facto abroad
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730/2013 - Opinion on the issue of so-called propaganda of homosexuality in the light of recent Legislation in some Council of Europe Member States, including Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine
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721/2013 - Method of nomination of candidates within political parties
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719/2013 - Update report on the Democratic Oversight of the Security Services
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714/2013 - Parliamentary Immunity
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713/2013 - Children's Rights
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711/2013 - Rule of Law Checklist
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706/2012 - Guidelines on Freedom of Association
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690/2012 - Implementation of international human rights treaties in domestic law
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687/2012 - Portrayal of migrants and refugees during election campaigns
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682/2012 - Report on the relationship between political and criminal ministerial responsibility
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678/2012 - Declaration of Global Principles for non-partisan election observation and monitoring by citizen organizations and Code of Conduct for non-partisan citizen election observers and monitors
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656/2011 - Report on measures to improve the democratic nature of elections in Council of Europe member states
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646/2011 - Report on Democracy, Limitation of Mandates and Incompatibility of Political Functions
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601/2010 - Opinion on the need for a code of good practice in the field of funding of electoral campaigns
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595/2010 - Guidelines on political party regulation
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590/2010 - Report on the Role of Extra-Institutional Actors in the Democratic System (Lobbying)
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586/2010 - Recommendation 273 (2009) of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe “Equal access to local and regional elections”
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585/2010 - Use of administrative resources
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584/2010 - Revised interpretative declaration to the code of good practice in electoral matters on the participation of people with disabilities in elections
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583/2010 - Report on figure based management of possible election fraud
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581/2010 - Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly
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580/2010 - Report on out-of-country voting
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568/2010 - Freedom of Religion: Guidelines
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558/2009 - Report on the timeline and inventory of political criteria for assessing an election -
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553/2009 - Registration of voters
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538/2009 - Study on individual access to constitutional justice
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531/2009 - Report on Private Military and Security Firms and Erosion of the State Monopoly on the use of force
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512/2009 - Report on the rule of law
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507/2008 - Report on the cancellation of election results
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500/2008 - Report on Counter-terrorism Measures and Human Rights
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498/2008 - Report on Constitutional Issues raised by the Ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court - Supplement to the Report on constitutional issues raised by the ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
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497/2008 - Report on the role of the opposition in a democratic Parliament
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494/2008 - Report on European Standards as regards the Independence of the Judicial System
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488/2008 - Report on the Imperative Mandate and Similar Practices
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485/2008 - Report on Thresholds and other features of electoral systems which bar parties from access to Parliament
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482/2008 - Report on the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Politics
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477/2008 - Guidelines on an internationally recognised status of election observers
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470/2008 - Stocktaking on the notions of "good governance" and "good administration"
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469/2008 - Report on Constitutional Amendment
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448/2007 - The reopening of Judicial Procedures following the finding of a breach of the right to a fair trial
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447/2007 - European Union accession to the European Court of Human Rights
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446/2007 - Report on Legislative Initiative
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430/2007 - Opinion on video surveillance by private operators in the public and private spheres and by public authorities in the private sphere and human rights protection
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428/2007 - Opinion on proposed changes to Recommendation R(99)15 on Media Coverage of Election Campaigns
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426/2007 - Report on choosing the date of an election
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415/2006 - Role of media for democracy
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414/2006 - Code of Good Practice in the field of Political Parties
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406/2006 - Report on the relationship between Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion: the issue of regulation and prosecution of Blasphemy, Religious Insult and Incitement to Religious Hatred
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404/2006 - Opinion on Video Surveillance in Public Places by Public Authorities and the Protection of Human Rights
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403/2006 - Comments on the Draft Opinion of the Consultative Council of European Judges on Judicial Councils
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389/2006 - Report on the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces
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388/2006 - Report on the Democratic oversight of the Security Services
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387/2006 - Report on Dual Voting for Persons belonging to National Minorities
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371/2006 - Code of Good Practice on Referendums
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369/2006 - Guide on the evaluation of the elections
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366/2006 - Opinion on the Prohibition of Financial Contributions to Political Parties from Foreign Sources
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363/2005 - Opinion on the International legal obligations of Council of Europe member States in respect of secret detention facilities and inter-state transport of prisoners
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359/2005 - Opinion on the Protection of Human Rights in Emergency Situations
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353/2005 - Opinion on Pace Recommendation 1713(2005) on Democratic Oversight of the Security Sector in Member States
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352/2005 - Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe - Synthesis study on recurrent challenges and problematic issues
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351/2005 - Summary Report on the Secrecy of the Vote in the context of Elections by Parliament
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348/2005 - Interpretative Declaration on the Stability of the Electoral Law
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341/2005 - Opinion on Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1704 (2005) on Referendums : towards good practices in Europe
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335/2005 - The role of the Second Chamber
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332/2005 - Opinion on OSCE/ODIHR Guidelines for drafting laws pertaining to freedom of Assembly
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331/2005 - Constitutional Law and European Integration (New Members)
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329/2004 - Report on the Participation of Political Parties in Elections
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325/2004 - Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and Code of Conduct for International Election Observers and Pledge to accompany the Code of Conduct for International Election Observers
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324/2004 - Declaration on Women's Participation in Elections
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316/2004 - Report on the effectiveness of national remedies in respect of excessive length of proceedings
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307/2004 - Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities' Participation in decision-making process in European countries
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306/2004 - Opinion on Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1714 (2005) on the Abolition of Restrictions on the Right to Vote
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304/2004 - Status of International Human Rights Treaties in European legal systems
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301/2004 - Election Observation Form
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294/2004 - Report on Non-citizens and Minority Rights
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293/2004 - The Ad Hoc Inter-sectoral Group of Specialists on e-governance
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287/2004 - Referendums in Europe – An analysis of the legal rules in European States - Report
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285/2004 - Report on Media Monitoring during Election Observation Missions
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282/2004 - Opinion on the possible follow-up to Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1629 (2003) on “Future of Democracy: Strengthening Democratic Institutions”
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271/2004 - Guidelines for legislative reviews of laws affecting religion or belief
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260/2003 - Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe
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253/2003 - Opinion on the draft ACEEEO Convention on Election Standards, Electoral Rights and Freedoms
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250/2003 - Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria
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247/2003 - Guidelines on Legislation on Political Parties
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245/2003 - Opinion on the possible need for further development of the Geneva Conventions
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244/2003 - Documents informing electors
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235/2003 - Election Evaluation Guide
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209/2002 - Opinion on the Implementation of the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
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190/2002 - Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters: Guidelines and Explanatory Report
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186/2001 - Preambles to Constitutions
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168/2001 - Report on the Preferential Treatment of National Minorities by their Kin-State
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152/2001 - Constitutional requirement of the judiciary control for administrative acts
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148/2001 - Electoral authority
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143/2001 - Guidelines for Constitutional Referendums at National Level
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132/2000 - Report on constitutional issues raised by the ratification of the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court
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126/2000 - A General Legal Reference Framework to Facilitate the Settlement of Ethno-Political Conflicts in Europe
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125/2000 - Decisions of constitutional courts and equivalent bodies and their execution: Report
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123/2000 - General judiciary authority
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109/1999 - Opinion on the execution of decisions of the European court of Human Rights
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97/1999 - Self-Determination and Secession in Constitutional Law
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91/1999 - Federated and regional entities and international treaties - Report
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85/1998 - Guidelines on Prohibition of Political Parties and Analogous Measures
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82/1998 - Guidelines and Report on the Financing of Political Parties
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63/1998 - Guidelines on Prohibition and Dissolution of Political Parties and Analogous Measures
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51/1997 - Constitutional Law and European Integration
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39/1997 - Control of Security Services
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25/1996 - Federal and regional State
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14/1995 - Opinion on the interpretation of Article 11 of the draft protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights appended to Recommendation 1201 of the Parliamentary Assembly
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11/1995 - Circle of the Charge of regional or minority languages
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10/1995 - Electoral law and national minorities
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8/1995 - Composition and Formation of Constitutional Juridictions
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7/1995 - Report on the legal foundation for foreign policy
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3/1995 - Consequences of State succession on citizenship
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1/1995 - Report on the regime of parliamentary immunity
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